ABACUS

THE FULL FORM OF ABACUS IS ABUNDANT BEADS,ADDITION AND CALCULATION UTILITY SYSTEM. IT IS A SIMPLE CALCULATING DEVICE WITH BEADS THAT SLIDE ON RODS WITH IN A FRAME USED FOR PERFORMING CALCULATIONS

IN THE ANCIENT WORLD ABACUSES WERE A PRACTICAL CALCULATING TOOL.IT WAS WIDELY USED IN EUROPE AS LATE AS THE 17TH CENTURY.

THE ABACUS HAS AN ADVANTAGEES OF NOT REQUIRING A WRITING TOOL .MERCHANTS,TRADERS AND CLERKS IN SOME PARTS OF EASTERN EUROPE,RUSSIA,CHINA AND AFRICA USE ABACUSES.

THE RUSSIAN SCHOTY

THE SCHOTY AS THE PHENOMENON OF RUSSIAN ACCOUNTING.

IT IS A UNIQUE RUSSIAN COUNTING DEVICE THAT HAS NO COMPARABLE COUNTERPARTS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD. IT WAS DEVELOPED WHEN A DECIMAL SYSTEM WAS INTRODUCED IN RUSSIA IN THE 16CE. THE RUSSIAN ABACUS TOOK ITS FAMILIAR FORM IN THE EIGHTEEN CENTURYAND IT IS STILL USED FOR TEACHING MATHS AT SCHOOL,RUSSIAN ABACUS IN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES MADE IT AN INTEGRAL PART OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTING.

( ABACUS IS A BASIC TOOL THAT HELPS YOUR KID LEARN ARTHMETIC CALCULATION.THERE AREN’T ANY STANDARD GUIDELINES AN HOW AND WHICH TOOL IS RIGHT. IN INDIA, WE USE THE BASIC ABACUS TOOL CALLLED THE MODERN ABACUS )

THE ROMAN ABACUS

ROMANUS HAVE BEEN USING VARIOUS TOOLS TO MAKE CALCULATIONS EASY ROMAN ABACUS WAS INTRODUCED IN THE 11TH CENTURY,LATER THE ABACUS WAS RE- CONSTRUCTED IN TO AMORE PORTABLE DEVICE WITH EIGHT LENGTHY GROOVES- CONSISTING OF BEATS AND TRACKS.

THIS ABACUS WAS MADE OF AMETAL PLATE WHERE THE BEADS RAN IN SLOTS.

THE SIZE WAS SUCH THAT IT COULD FIT IN A MODERN SHIRT POCKET.

THE MAIN DISADVANTAGE OF THE ROMAN ABACUS WS ITS LIMITED CAPACITY FOR COMPLEX CALCULATIONS AND ITS RELATIVELY SLOW OPERATIONS COMPARED TO LATER ABACI LIKE CHINESE OR JAPANESE TYPES.

THE CRANMER ABACUS

THE CRANMER ABACUS IS A MODIFIED JAPANESE ABACUS AND IT IS MODIFIED TO USE WITH BLIND OR VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS IT HAS FELT BACKING SO WHENEVER THE ABACUS IS MOVE THE BEADS DON’T SLIDE AROUND IT.

BLIND LEARNESS STILL MAKE USE OF THE CRANMER ABACUS TO PERFORM ARTHMETIC CALCULATIONS LIKE ADDITION,

SUBTRACTION,MULTIPLICATION,DIVISION,SQUARE ROOT AND CUBE ROOT.